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Coastal Dead Zones Around the World
Global distribution of oxygen-depleted coastal zones. The 146 zones shown are associated with either major population concentrations or with watersheds that deliver large quantities of nutrients to coastal waters.
KEY:
Annual – yearly events related to summer or autumnal stratification
Episodic – events occurring at irregular intervals greater than one year
Periodic – events occurring at regular intervals shorter than one year
Persistent – all-year-round hypoxia
Source: United Nations Environment Programme, GEO Yearbook 2003 (Nairobi: 2004), compiled from Boesch 2002, Caddy 2000, Diaz et al. (in press), Green and Short 2003, Rabalais 2002.
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World Fertilizer Consumption, 1950-2000 |
Year |
Annual Use |
|
Million Tons |
|
|
1950 |
14 |
1951 |
15 |
1952 |
15 |
1953 |
16 |
1954 |
17 |
1955 |
18 |
1956 |
20 |
1957 |
22 |
1958 |
23 |
1959 |
25 |
1960 |
27 |
1961 |
28 |
1962 |
31 |
1963 |
34 |
1964 |
37 |
1965 |
40 |
1966 |
45 |
1967 |
51 |
1968 |
56 |
1969 |
60 |
1970 |
66 |
1971 |
69 |
1972 |
73 |
1973 |
79 |
1974 |
85 |
1975 |
82 |
1976 |
90 |
1977 |
95 |
1978 |
100 |
1979 |
111 |
1980 |
112 |
1981 |
117 |
1982 |
115 |
1983 |
115 |
1984 |
126 |
1985 |
131 |
1986 |
129 |
1987 |
132 |
1988 |
140 |
1989 |
146 |
1990 |
143 |
1991 |
138 |
1992 |
134 |
1993 |
126 |
1994 |
121 |
1995 |
122 |
1996 |
129 |
1997 |
135 |
1998 |
138 |
1999 |
140 |
2000 |
136 |
2001 |
139 |
2002 |
141 |
2003 |
145 |
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Source: Patrick Heffer, Short Term Prospects for World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand 2002/03 - 2003/04 (Paris: International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), December 2003); IFA Secretariat and IFA Fertilizer Demand Working Group, Fertilizer Consumption Report (Brussels: December 2001); historical data from Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2002, CD-ROM, compiled from IFA and the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, Fertilizer Yearbook (Rome: various years). |
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